Programming Concept  
  
Questions and Answers:

    
     a. What is programming? Differentiate between system programmer and application programmer.
Ans:    Programming is a technique to create a program including different steps in an organized way.
            The difference between system programmer and application programmer are:-

System programmer
Application programmer
System programmers write programs to boot the computer, to control hardware components etc.
Application programmers are used to design application programs to fulfil a specific task.
Example: They design device drivers and boot programs.
Example: They design inventory control system, mark sheet preparation program
                                 and billing system.


            



    b.    Define programming language. Write the types of programming language.
Ans:    The language which is used to write programs for the computer is called programming language.
                        The types of programming languages are:-
·      Machine language
·      Assembly language
·      High-level language
    c.     What is high-level programming language? Write its advantages and disadvantages. 
Ans:    The language that are easy to use and were used in the third generation computers is called high-level programming language.
            Its advantages are:-
·      It is easy to learn and use.
·      It is machine independent.
·      It is easy to do documentation of high-level programs.
            Its disadvantages are:-
·      It needs language processors to convert the program code to the machine language.
·      It takes more time  to execute in computer.
·      It cannot completely control hardware.

     d.   What is machine-level language? Write its advantages and disadvantages. 
Ans:    Binary language, the first language of computer which is written in combination of 0 and 1  called machine-level language.
            Its advantages are:-
 ·      It does not need to be converted.
 ·      Program execution is extremely fast.
            Its disadvantages are:-
 ·      It is difficult to write program.
 ·      It is machine dependent.
 ·      It is time-consuming and tedious task to modify the program written in a machine language.
     e.     What are language processors? Write the use of the interpreter.
Ans:    Special programs that are used to convert the programs written in the high-level language to  machine codes is called language processor.
            The use of interpreter is to translate each statement at a time and executes immediately before translating the next statement.

           f.    Define assembly language. Write its advantages and disadvantages. 
Ans:     The symbolic representation of machine codes that uses mnemonic codes    rather than numeric codes is called assembly language.
            
                  Its advantages are:-
·      It is easy to understand, write and modify programs  written in the assembly language.
·      It is easy to find out errors in the program.
·      The program executes faster than similar program written in high-level language.
            
                 Its disadvantages are:-
 ·      It is machine dependent.
 ·      Its program is less efficient than the program written in machine language.
 ·      The programmer must have knowledge of hardware.

     g.     Differentiate between interpreter and compiler.
Ans:     
       Interpreter
            Compiler
Interpreter translates high-level language to the machine language.
Compiler translates program written in high-level language to the machine language.
It translates each statement at a time.
It translates the whole program at a time.
It does not create the object file.
It creates the object file after compilation.

                                                   
    
    h.     Define fourth generation languages. Write advantages and disadvantages.
Ans:      Fourth-generation languages (4GL) are programming languages closer to human languages   than typical high-level programming languages.
            
             Its advantages are:-
·      Easy to write programs in comparison to other level of languages.
·      Provides a friendly environment and software can be designed in less time.
·      Ready made modules, buttons, forms are available.
             Its disadvantages are:-
·      It requires high resources.
·      The program cannot execute in low configuration machines.
 



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